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Overview

Consolidated questions and answers on the interpretation and application of the Markets in Crypto-Assets Regulation (MiCAR), prepared by the European Commission, EBA and ESMA. This section merges the ESMA Joint Q&A and the EBA Single Rulebook Q&A into a single index — overlapping questions are deduplicated.

Sources: ESMA Q&A tool · EBA Single Rulebook Q&A


Sorted oldest to newest by answer-published date.

IDQuestionArticleSourceDate
ESMA_QA_2067Does MiCA cover staking-as-a-service?75ESMA20 Jun 2024
ESMA_QA_2068Can AML-registered CASPs use the grandfathering clause?143(3)ESMA20 Jun 2024
ESMA_QA_2069Can Article 60 entities rely on the transitional provision?60, 143(3)ESMA20 Jun 2024
ESMA_QA_2070Can AML-registered CASPs use simplified authorisation?143(6)ESMA20 Jun 2024
ESMA_QA_2071Is a crypto-asset transfer standalone or ancillary?3(1)(26), 59, 82ESMA20 Jun 2024
ESMA_QA_2088Do CASPs need to notify competent authorities about tied agents?60ESMASep 2024
ESMA_QA_2342Can natural persons or trusts be authorised as CASPs?59, 63ESMADec 2024
ESMA_QA_2404Can CASPs continue providing services for non-MiCA-compliant ARTs and EMTs?16(1), 48(1)ESMAJan 2025
EBA_QA_2024_7185What services constitute an offer to the public, admission to trading or placing of an ART or EMT?3(1)(12), 16(1), 48(1)EBA17 Jan 2025
ESMA_QA_2397Do registered AIFMs need MiCA authorisation to provide crypto-asset services?60ESMAApr 2025
ESMA_QA_2463Does automated trading fall within the scope of MiCA crypto-asset services?3(1)ESMAApr 2025
ESMA_QA_2293Does MiCA apply to proprietary trading by CASPs?59ESMAJun 2025
ESMA_QA_2578Can CASPs commingle clients’ crypto-assets?70ESMAJun 2025
ESMA_QA_2579Is a shared order book model permitted under MiCA?76ESMAJun 2025
EBA_QA_2024_7167How do non-CI ART issuers passport their activities to other Member States?18, 21, 25, 109EBA5 Sep 2025
ESMA_QA_2653How to distinguish between exchange services and execution of orders under MiCA?3(1)ESMAOct 2025
ESMA_QA_2654Do Title II tokens admitted to trading before 30 Dec 2024 need a MiCA white paper?143(2), 7, 9ESMAOct 2025
ESMA_QA_2746Can a non-regulated holding company act as commercial counterparty to a licensed CASP subsidiary?59ESMA5 Jan 2026
EBA_QA_2024_7084Should exchanging EMTs for other crypto-assets be classified as crypto-for-crypto or funds-for-crypto?3EBA8 May 2026
EBA_QA_2024_7166Must issuers exempt from authorisation under Article 16(2) still publish a white paper?16(2), 28EBA8 May 2026
EBA_QA_2024_7168Must CIs and EMIs issuing ARTs/EMTs cross-border comply with existing passporting frameworks?48(3), 146EBA8 May 2026
ESMA_QA_2845Must modified white papers comply with machine-readable format requirements?Reg. 2024/2984ESMA12 May 2026
EBA_QA_2024_7078Must EMT issuers apply AMLD5 customer due diligence to all EMT holders on an ongoing basis?48(2)EBA22 May 2026
EBA_QA_2024_7172Do Lightning Network transactions fall within the scope of TFR and Travel Rule Guidelines?TFR Art. 2(1), 3EBA22 May 2026

Total published: 24 answers (17 ESMA-led · 7 EBA-led).


IDQuestionArticleSourceSubmitted
2024_7066Are ART reserve liabilities secured, and therefore excluded from bail-in in resolution?36(2)EBA26 Apr 2024
2024_7068Can technically identical EMTs be issued in parallel by EU and non-EU entities?48, 49, 54, 56EBA29 Apr 2024
2024_7069What is the scope of Recital 54 and Article 54 of MiCAR regarding ‘significant’ ARTs and EMTs?54, Recital 54EBA29 Apr 2024
2025_7457Does PSD2 apply to the issuance and redemption of EMTs under MiCAR?49EBA15 May 2025
ESMA_QA_2769Which entities qualify as PPAETs for market abuse reporting under MiCA?92ESMA12 Feb 2026
IDQuestionArticleSourceRejected
2024_7067How can the MiCAR authority access prudential information for assessing ART/EMT recovery plans?46, 47, 55EBA15 Nov 2024
2024_7210What own funds must ART issuers exempt from authorisation under Article 16(2) hold?35(1)EBA21 Nov 2024
2024_7114Are tokens backed by gold classified as asset-referenced tokens?3(1)(6)EBA21 Mar 2025
2024_7027Can a CASP receive, transmit or execute orders for non-EUR EMTs from non-MiCA-compliant issuers?48(1)EBA24 Jul 2025
2025_7591Must banks maintain a segregated account to safeguard proceeds from EMT issuance?54, 58EBA11 Nov 2025
2026_7834How are own funds determined for an entity with simultaneous CASP, EMI and investment firm authorisations?67EBA29 May 2026

Total pending: 11 (5 Under Review / Forwarded · 6 Rejected).


Answers clarify provisions already contained in the applicable legislation. They do not extend the rights and obligations deriving from such legislation nor introduce additional requirements. Only the Court of Justice of the European Union is competent to authoritatively interpret Union law.